
The Hebrew View of the Law/Torah
Terminology
We begin with what Christianity calls "the Law," but in Judaism is called the Torah -- the
term given to the first five books of the Bible. This is also referred to by Christiansas the "Pentateuch" (a Greek
term). The term "Law," especially in the legal sense as the western mind understands it, is not an appropriate
translation of the word "Torah." A correct translation of Torah is "instruction" or "revelation" -- as in "Hashem
(Name of G-d) instruction," or "revelation from G-d." This is how the Torah is presented in Judaism.
The Torah is a revelation of the character of Hashem (Name of G-d) as well as an insight
of what is to come. The Torah is Hashem (Name of G-d) instruction on how those who place their trust in Him (Jew or
gentile) are to live, so that "all will be well with them." (Deuteronomy 4:40)
| וְשָׁמַרְתָּ אֶת-חֻקָּיו וְאֶת-מִצְוֹתָיו, אֲשֶׁר
אָנֹכִי מְצַוְּךָ הַיּוֹם, אֲשֶׁר יִיטַב לְךָ, וּלְבָנֶיךָ אַחֲרֶיךָ--וּלְמַעַן תַּאֲרִיךְ יָמִים
עַל-הָאֲדָמָה, אֲשֶׁר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ נֹתֵן לְךָ כָּל-הַיָּמִים. {פ} |
40 And thou shalt keep
His statutes, and His commandments, which I command thee this day, that it may go well with thee, and
with thy children after thee, and that thou mayest prolong thy days upon the land, which the Master thy
Adonai giveth thee, for ever. {P} |
Verses such as Exodus 12:48-49
| מח וְכִי-יָגוּר אִתְּךָ גֵּר, וְעָשָׂה פֶסַח
לַיהוָה--הִמּוֹל לוֹ כָל-זָכָר וְאָז יִקְרַב לַעֲשֹׂתוֹ, וְהָיָה כְּאֶזְרַח הָאָרֶץ; וְכָל-עָרֵל,
לֹא-יֹאכַל בּוֹ. |
48 And when a stranger
shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the Master, let all his males be circumcised,
and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land; but no
uncircumcised person shall eat thereof. |
| מט תּוֹרָה אַחַת, יִהְיֶה
לָאֶזְרָח, וְלַגֵּר, הַגָּר בְּתוֹכְכֶם. |
49 One law shall be to
him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.' |
,
Leviticus 24:22
| כב מִשְׁפַּט אֶחָד יִהְיֶה לָכֶם, כַּגֵּר
כָּאֶזְרָח יִהְיֶה: כִּי אֲנִי יְהוָה, אֱלֹהֵיכֶם. |
22 Ye shall have one
manner of law, as well for the stranger, as for the home-born; for I am the Master your
Eloheinu. |
and Isaiah chapter 56,
יְשַׁעְיָהוּ
| א כֹּה אָמַר יְהוָה, שִׁמְרוּ
מִשְׁפָּט וַעֲשׂוּ צְדָקָה: כִּי-קְרוֹבָה יְשׁוּעָתִי לָבוֹא, וְצִדְקָתִי
לְהִגָּלוֹת. |
1 Thus saith the
Master: Keep ye justice, and do righteousness; for My salvation is near to come, and My favour to be
revealed. |
| ב אַשְׁרֵי אֱנוֹשׁ
יַעֲשֶׂה-זֹּאת, וּבֶן-אָדָם יַחֲזִיק בָּהּ--שֹׁמֵר שַׁבָּת מֵחַלְּלוֹ, וְשֹׁמֵר יָדוֹ מֵעֲשׂוֹת
כָּל-רָע. {ס} |
2 Happy is the man
that doeth this, and the son of man that holdeth fast by it: that keepeth the sabbath from profaning
it, and keepeth his hand from doing any evil.{S} |
| ג וְאַל-יֹאמַר בֶּן-הַנֵּכָר,
הַנִּלְוָה אֶל-יְהוָה לֵאמֹר, הַבְדֵּל יַבְדִּילַנִי יְהוָה, מֵעַל עַמּוֹ; וְאַל-יֹאמַר הַסָּרִיס, הֵן
אֲנִי עֵץ יָבֵשׁ. {פ} |
3 Neither let the
alien, that hath joined himself to the Master, speak, saying: 'The Master will surely separate me from
His people'; neither let the eunuch say: 'Behold, I am a dry tree.' {P} |
| ד כִּי-כֹה אָמַר יְהוָה,
לַסָּרִיסִים אֲשֶׁר יִשְׁמְרוּ אֶת-שַׁבְּתוֹתַי, וּבָחֲרוּ, בַּאֲשֶׁר חָפָצְתִּי; וּמַחֲזִיקִים,
בִּבְרִיתִי. |
4 For thus saith the
Master concerning the eunuchs that keep My sabbaths, and choose the things that please Me, and hold
fast by My covenant: |
| ה וְנָתַתִּי לָהֶם בְּבֵיתִי
וּבְחוֹמֹתַי, יָד וָשֵׁם--טוֹב, מִבָּנִים וּמִבָּנוֹת: שֵׁם עוֹלָם אֶתֶּן-לוֹ, אֲשֶׁר לֹא
יִכָּרֵת. {ס} |
5 Even unto them will
I give in My house and within My walls a monument and a memorial better than sons and daughters; I will
give them an everlasting memorial, that shall not be cut off. {S} |
| ו וּבְנֵי הַנֵּכָר, הַנִּלְוִים
עַל-יְהוָה לְשָׁרְתוֹ, וּלְאַהֲבָה אֶת-שֵׁם יְהוָה, לִהְיוֹת לוֹ לַעֲבָדִים--כָּל-שֹׁמֵר שַׁבָּת
מֵחַלְּלוֹ, וּמַחֲזִיקִים בִּבְרִיתִי. |
6 Also the aliens,
that join themselves to the Master, to minister unto Him, and to love the name of the Master, to be His
servants, every one that keepeth the sabbath from profaning it, and holdeth fast by My
covenant: |
| ז וַהֲבִיאוֹתִים אֶל-הַר
קָדְשִׁי, וְשִׂמַּחְתִּים בְּבֵית תְּפִלָּתִי--עוֹלֹתֵיהֶם וְזִבְחֵיהֶם לְרָצוֹן, עַל-מִזְבְּחִי:
כִּי בֵיתִי, בֵּית-תְּפִלָּה יִקָּרֵא לְכָל-הָעַמִּים. |
7 Even them will I
bring to My holy mountain, and make them joyful in My house of prayer; their burnt-offerings and their
sacrifices shall be acceptable upon Mine altar; for My house shall be called a house of prayer for all
peoples. |
| ח נְאֻם אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה, מְקַבֵּץ
נִדְחֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל: עוֹד אֲקַבֵּץ עָלָיו, לְנִקְבָּצָיו. |
8 Saith the Master
Adonai who gathereth the dispersed of Israel: Yet I will gather others to him, beside those of him that
are gathered. |
| ט כֹּל, חַיְתוֹ שָׂדָי; אֵתָיוּ,
לֶאֱכֹל כָּל-חַיְתוֹ בַּיָּעַר. {פ} |
9 All ye beasts of the
field, come to devour, yea, all ye beasts in the forest. {P} |
| י צֹפָו עִוְרִים כֻּלָּם, לֹא יָדָעוּ--כֻּלָּם כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים, לֹא יוּכְלוּ
לִנְבֹּחַ; הֹזִים, שֹׁכְבִים, אֹהֲבֵי, לָנוּם. |
10 His
watchmen are all blind, without knowledge; they are all dumb dogs, they cannot bark; raving, lying
down, loving to slumber. |
| יא וְהַכְּלָבִים עַזֵּי-נֶפֶשׁ,
לֹא יָדְעוּ שָׂבְעָה, וְהֵמָּה רֹעִים, לֹא יָדְעוּ הָבִין; כֻּלָּם לְדַרְכָּם פָּנוּ, אִישׁ לְבִצְעוֹ
מִקָּצֵהוּ. |
11 Yea, the dogs are
greedy, they know not when they have enough; and these are shepherds that cannot understand; they all
turn to their own way, each one to his gain, one and all. |
| יב אֵתָיוּ אֶקְחָה-יַיִן,
וְנִסְבְּאָה שֵׁכָר; וְהָיָה כָזֶה יוֹם מָחָר, גָּדוֹל יֶתֶר מְאֹד. |
12 'Come ye, I will
fetch wine, and we will fill ourselves with strong drink; and to-morrow shall be as this day, and much
more abundant. |
show that the Torah was not strictly for the Hebrews, but also for those Gentiles who
wanted to be part of Hashem (Name of G-d) people.
Although Hashem (Name of G-d) chose to present His revelation through the Jewish
people, it was not to be solely "their religion."
They were to be a "light to the world," and bring this revelation to the Gentiles, as
Yahushua reminded them in His sermon of Matthew chapter 5.
Though the Torah proper is the five books of Moses (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers,
Deuteronomy), the term "Torah" can also include the rest of the Tenakh (commonly called the "Old Testament") and
the books of the "New Testament," in that they are Hashem (Name of G-d) continued revelation/instruction. None of
Hashem (Name of G-d) later revelation in the rest of the Tenakh (the Prophets & Writings) contradicts the
Torah, and none of the "New Testament" contradicts the Torah, Prophets or Writings. Hashem (Name of G-d) word is
one.
What Does the Tenakh say about the Torah, Forgiveness
of Sin, and Salvation?
Unlike the movie, "Back to the Future," we will for the purpose of this study of the
Torah, go "forward into the past." In the Gospel of John chapter 3, we have one of the foundational verses of
"faith-based Christianity:"
You must be born again.
Christianstout this as a preeminent "faith teaching of Jesus." Notice however, what the
Mashiach says to Nicodemus when the latter asks, "How can these things be?"
Yahushua replies to him: "Are you the teacher of Israel and do not know these
things?"
Nicodemus is criticized by the Mashiach, who says that as a "teacher of Israel," he should
have known about being "born again." Now how would Nicodemus know about this if it was a new teaching of
Yahushua?
The answer is that "being born again" is not an original teaching from
Yahushua and the launching point for some new Christian faith.
Being born again was and is fundamental to Torah-based Judaism, as the message of the
Torah has always been to have faith in Hashem (Name of G-d) for salvation and not "work your way."
This can be seen in the book of Deuteronomy:
Deuteronomy 10:16 --
| טז וּמַלְתֶּם, אֵת עָרְלַת לְבַבְכֶם;
וְעָרְפְּכֶם--לֹא תַקְשׁוּ, עוֹד. |
16 Circumcise
therefore the foreskin of your heart, and be no more stiffnecked. |
The term "stiffnecked" is equivalent to not having faith. Hashem (Name of G-d) called the
generation in the wilderness stiffnecked because they failed to trust (have faith) in Him. (See Exodus 32:9;
33:3,5; 34:9, Deut. 9:6,13; 2 Chron. 30:8; Acts 7:51)
Hebrews 3:7-4:2, commenting on these same stiffnecked people, said they received the
Gospel but failed as they did not "mix it with faith," and "went astray in their hearts."
Deuteronomy 30:6 --
| ו וּמָל יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ אֶת-לְבָבְךָ,
וְאֶת-לְבַב זַרְעֶךָ: לְאַהֲבָה אֶת-יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, בְּכָל-לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל-נַפְשְׁךָ--לְמַעַן
חַיֶּיךָ. |
6 And the Master thy
Adonai will circumcise thy heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the Master thy Adonai with all thy
heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live |
Here the word "live" is used in a spiritual sense and is equivalent to
salvation.
The epistles show that "circumcision of the heart" is the equivalent of "being born
again":
Romans 2:29 -- "But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the
heart ..."
Colossians 2:11 -- "In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without
hands ..."
Hashem (Name of G-d) has always asked that we first recognize and trust in Him before
trying to "do" anything for Him. To have faith/trust in Him is the "first commandment."
Exodus 20:2-3
| ב אָנֹכִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִיךָ
מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים: לֹא-יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים, עַל-פָּנָי. |
2 I am the Master
thy Adonai, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have
no other Adonais before Me.
|
| ג לֹא-תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל,
וְכָל-תְּמוּנָה, אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׁמַיִם מִמַּעַל, וַאֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּחַת--וַאֲשֶׁר בַּמַּיִם, מִתַּחַת
לָאָרֶץ. |
3 Thou shalt not make
unto thee a graven image, nor any manner of likeness, of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is
in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; |
Deuteronomy 5:6-7 --
| ו אָנֹכִי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, אֲשֶׁר הוֹצֵאתִיךָ
מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם מִבֵּית עֲבָדִים: לֹא-יִהְיֶה לְךָ אֱלֹהִים אֲחֵרִים, עַל-פָּנָי. |
6 I am the Master thy
Adonai, who brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. Thou shalt have no
other Adonais before Me. |
| ז לֹא-תַעֲשֶׂה לְךָ פֶסֶל,
כָּל-תְּמוּנָה, אֲשֶׁר בַּשָּׁמַיִם מִמַּעַל, וַאֲשֶׁר בָּאָרֶץ מִתָּחַת--וַאֲשֶׁר בַּמַּיִם, מִתַּחַת
לָאָרֶץ. |
7 Thou shalt not make
unto thee a graven image, even any manner of likeness, of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is
in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth |
Habakkuk 2:4 & Romans 1:17 -- "The righteous live by faith." (Paul quotes this "Old
Testament" verse in Romans to make his point.)
Hebrews 11:6 -- "Without faith it is impossible to please Him." (This chapter
then goes on to list those who "followed the Law," such as; Moses, David and Samuel)
Yahushua continues His discussion with Nicodemus, speaking of His ascending to heaven
(John 3:12-13), thus linking the Torah, (as Hashem (Name of G-d) spoke about it in Deuteronomy 30:11-14), with
Himself (as Paul wrote in Romans 10:1-8).
Yahushua concludes his discussion by pointing to the incident of the Children of Israel
looking upon the bronze serpent and living (John 3:14) as a faith issue (Numbers 21:9) comparing that to faith in
Himself.
Hashem (Name of G-d) does not change. Salvation in Torah-based Judaism has always been by
faith, both before Moses and after him, as well as before Yahushua and after Him. The Torah is Hashem (Name of G-d)
revelation, as Yahushua is also Hashem (Name of G-d) revelation. Faith, Torah and Yahushua are inseparable.
Salvation was always through faith, Mashiach and Torah, as Yahushua is the lamb slain since the foundation of the
world (Hebrews 4:3, 9:26; Rev. 13:8). Yahushua Himself said:
John 8:56 -- "Your father Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw it, and was
glad."
Yahushua is the goal of the Torah (Romans 10:4, see the section below, "Making the Hebrew
Connection: Torah and Mashiach.") Yahushua is the Torah in the flesh -- the point of John 1:1.
The reason most people don't see this when they read the "Old Testament," is because their
understanding of, "what the Scriptures say," is affected by hundreds of years of theology formed by previous
generations studying and interpreting the Hebrew Bible in a Hellenized (non-Hebrew) way. This "mindset" is not an
easy thing to shake off (especially in the USA) as it is reinforced daily by family, friends, sermons, books,
Christian TV programs, Christian holidays -- the entire culture we live in.
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